File:The Peace Hat and President Chester Arthur, 1829 - 1886 (3435827496).jpg
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Summary
DescriptionThe Peace Hat and President Chester Arthur, 1829 - 1886 (3435827496).jpg |
From wiki: Dignified, tall, and handsome, with clean-shaven chin and side-whiskers, Chester A. Arthur "looked like a President." The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, in 1829. He was graduated from Union College in 1848, taught school, was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in New York City. Early in the Civil War he served as Quartermaster General of the State of New York. President Grant in 1871 appointed him Collector of the Port of New York. Arthur effectively marshalled the thousand Customs House employees under his supervision on behalf of Roscoe Conkling's Stalwart Republican machine. Honorable in his personal life and his public career, Arthur nevertheless was a firm believer in the spoils system when it was coming under vehement attack from reformers. He insisted upon honest administration of the Customs House, but staffed it with more employees than it needed, retaining them for their merit as party workers rather than as Government officials. In 1878 President Hayes, attempting to reform the Customs House, ousted Arthur. Conkling and his followers tried to win redress by fighting for the renomination of Grant at the 1880 Republican Convention. Failing, they reluctantly accepted the nomination of Arthur for the Vice Presidency. During his brief tenure as Vice President, Arthur stood firmly beside Conkling in his patronage struggle against President Garfield. But when Arthur succeeded to the Presidency, he was eager to prove himself above machine politics. Avoiding old political friends, he became a man of fashion in his garb and associates, and often was seen with the elite of Washington, New York, and Newport. To the indignation of the Stalwart Republicans, the onetime Collector of the Port of New York became, as President, a champion of civil service reform. Public pressure, heightened by the assassination of Garfield, forced an unwieldy Congress to heed the President. In 1883 Congress passed the Pendleton Act, which established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission, forbade levying political assessments against officeholders, and provided for a "classified system" that made certain Government positions obtainable only through competitive written examinations. The system protected employees against removal for political reasons. Acting independently of party dogma, Arthur also tried to lower tariff rates so the Government would not be embarrassed by annual surpluses of revenue. Congress raised about as many rates as it trimmed, but Arthur signed the Tariff Act of 1883. Aggrieved Westerners and Southerners looked to the Democratic Party for redress, and the tariff began to emerge as a major political issue between the two parties. The Arthur Administration enacted the first general Federal immigration law. Arthur approved a measure in 1882 excluding paupers, criminals, and lunatics. Congress suspended Chinese immigration for ten years, later making the restriction permanent. Arthur demonstrated as President that he was above factions within the Republican Party, if indeed not above the party itself. Perhaps in part his reason was the well-kept secret he had known since a year after he succeeded to the Presidency, that he was suffering from a fatal kidney disease. He kept himself in the running for the Presidential nomination in 1884 in order not to appear that he feared defeat, but was not renominated, and died in 1886. Publisher Alexander K. McClure recalled, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted, and no one ever retired ... more generally respected." source: www.flickr.com/photo_edit.gne?id=3435827496 Grave located at Albany Rural Cemetery, Menands, New York. Albany County Plot: Section 24, Lot 8 GPS (lat/lon): 42.70764, -73.73382 |
Date | |
Source |
The Peace Hat and President Chester Arthur, 1829 - 1886
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Author | Tony from New Jersey, US |
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on July 23, 2009 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
12 March 2009
0.005 second
7.1
18 millimetre
200
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 01:58, 23 July 2009 | 4,032 × 2,897 (2.13 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) | {{Information |Description= Tony asked me to comment on Chester Arthur. He was President of the United States from 1881 - 1885. First, someone has to tell Tony that sitting on a dead person's final resting place is a bit strange. Beyond that, this is |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D300 |
Exposure time | 1/200 sec (0.005) |
F Number | f/7.1 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 18:15, 12 March 2009 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | picnik.com |
File change date and time | 16:38, 12 April 2009 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 18:15, 12 March 2009 |
Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.614709851552 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 27 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |