External Knowledge Training

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Physics - Introductory Berkeley course

Main article: Physics - Introductory Berkeley course

History - The American Revolution - Yale course

This is an open Yale course

Introduction: Freeman's Top Five Tips for Studying the Revolution

"Professor Freeman offers an introduction to the course, summarizing the readings and discussing the course's main goals. She also offers five tips for studying the Revolution: 1) Avoid thinking about the Revolution as a story about facts and dates; 2) Remember that words we take for granted today, like "democracy," had very different meanings; 3) Think of the "Founders" as real people rather than mythic historic figures; 4) Remember that the "Founders" aren't the only people who count in the Revolution; 5) Remember the importance of historical contingency: that anything could have happened during the Revolution."

Being a British colonist

How did early colonists see Britain and how did the mother country look at the colonists? Gradually the cultures diverged.

"Professor Freeman discusses what it meant to be a British colonist in America in the eighteenth century. She explains how American colonists had deep bonds of tradition and culture with Great Britain. She argues that, as British colonists with a strong sense of their British liberties, settlers in America valued their liberties above all else. She also explains that many Americans had a sense of inferiority when they compared their colonial lifestyles to the sophistication of Europe. Professor Freeman discusses the social order in America during the eighteenth century, and suggests that the lack of an entrenched aristocracy made social rank more fluid in America than in Europe. She ends the lecture by suggesting that the great importance that American colonists placed on British liberties and their link with Britain helped pave the way for the Revolution."

Being a British American

"Professor Freeman discusses the differences between society in the American colonies and society in Britain in the eighteenth century. She uses examples from colonists' writings to show that the American colonies differed from British society in three distinct ways: the distinctive character of the people who migrated to the colonies; the distinctive conditions of life in British America; and the nature of British colonial administration."

"Ever at Variance and Foolishly Jealous": Intercolonial Relations

The early colonies can be grouped in three categories. In the North there were the New England colonies, in the center the Middle colonies and in the South the Southern colonies. Already these early colonies were very different in character.

Freeman tells about the differences between these colonies before they finally united in the Revolution. There's some information about young George Washington who made some blunders as a young officer.
Info on YouTube says: "Professor Freeman discusses colonial attempts to unite before the 1760s and the ways in which regional distrust and localism complicated matters. American colonists joined together in union three times before the 1760s. Two of these attempts were inspired by the necessity of self-defense; the third attempt was instigated by the British as a means of asserting British control over the colonies."

Outraged Colonials: The Stamp Act Crisis

Info on YouTube says: "Professor Freeman concludes her discussion (from the previous lecture) of the three early instances in which the American colonies joined together to form a union. She then turns to a discussion of the Stamp Act crisis, and how American colonists found a shared bond through their dissatisfaction with the Stamp Act. Faced with massive national debts incurred by the recent war with France, Prime Minister George Grenville instituted several new taxes to generate revenue for Britain and its empire. The colonists saw these taxes as signaling a change in colonial policy, and thought their liberties and rights as British subjects were being abused. These feelings heightened with the Stamp Act of 1765. Finding a shared cause in their protestations against these new British acts, Americans set the foundation for future collaboration between the colonies.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction: The Albany Congress of 1754 09:32 - Chapter 2. British Budget Post-French and Indian War, and the Sugar Act 22:24 - Chapter 3. Colonial Responses to the Early Acts, and the Stamp Act 30:49 - Chapter 4. Limited Liberties in Virtual Representation and the Stamp Act 36:02 - Chapter 5. Patrick Henry on the Stamp Act and Conclusion "

Resistance or Rebellion? (Or, What the Heck is Happening in Boston?)

Info on YouTube says: "Professor Freeman discusses the mounting tensions between the colonists and the British in the late 1760s and early 1770s. The Virginia Resolves were published and read throughout the colonies in 1765, and generated discussion about colonial rights and liberties. Colonies began working together to resolve their problems, and formed the Stamp Act Congress in 1765. Meanwhile, Boston was becoming more radicalized and mobs began acting out their frustration with British policies. Colonists began to believe that the British were conspiring to oppress their liberties, a belief that seemed to be confirmed when the British stationed troops in Boston. The mounting tension between the Bostonians and British troops culminated in the violence of the Boston Massacre in March 1770.

00:00 - Chapter 1. The Circulation of the Virginia Resolves 03:47 - Chapter 2. The Stamp Act Congress and Parliamentary Thoughts on the Stamp Act 10:11 - Chapter 3. Mob Protests by the Sons of Liberty 15:41 - Chapter 4. The Repeal of the Stamp Act and the Complications of the Declaratory Act 19:39 - Chapter 5. Reactions to the Townshend Acts and Samuel Adams's Propaganda 31:48 - Chapter 6. Different Viewpoints on the Boston Massacre"