Difference between revisions of "Rooftop farming"

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<div style="border-style: solid; border-width:1px; border-color:#BDBDBD; background-color:#F2F2F2; padding:5px;">''<small>'''Higher topic''': [[Higher topic::Gardening]]''</small><br>
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<small>'''''Underlying topic(s)''': {{#Ask:[[Higher topic::{{PAGENAME}}]]}}''</small></div><br>
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[[File:Groendakmetklaproos op Halve Wereld.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Green roofs on apartments blocks in Amsterdam]]
 
: ''Topic in [[Gardening courses]].  By [[User:John|John Eagles]].''
 
: ''Topic in [[Gardening courses]].  By [[User:John|John Eagles]].''
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Rooftop farming is the practice of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings while a roof garden is any garden on the roof of a building. One particular type of a roof garden is the green roof or living roof, a roof of a building covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. An older form of the green roof is the sod roof, which traditionally was applied on houses in Scandinavia. Sod roofs are composed of several layers of birch bark covered with sods.
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== Green roof ==
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[[File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Green roof of City Hall in Chicago, Illinois.]]
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Green roofs are also called living roofs. They are roofs of buildings partially or completely covered with vegetation in a growing medium. The roof is protected by a waterproof membrane. Sometimes drainage and irrigation systems are integrated.
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Green roofs absorb rainwater, provide insulation, create a habitat for wildlife and help to lower air temperatures in cities.
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Intensive roofs are thicker and heavier and support a wider variety of plants. Extensive roofs are covered with a light layer of vegetation.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_roof Green roof] Wikipedia</ref>
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One type of green roof is the sod roof.<br clear="all"/>
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=== Sod roof ===
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[[File:Heidal.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Sod roofs on farmhouses in Gudbrandsdal, Norway.]]
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A sod roof is also called turf roof. It was used to cover roofs of rural log houses in Scandinavia. Sods are placed on a layer of birch bark. The main purpose of the sod is to hold the birch bark in place and to give additional insulation. The layer of birch bark ensures that the roof is waterproof.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sod_roofs Sod roofs] Wikipedia</ref><br clear="all"/>
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 
Between ca 200 to ca 500 BCE there were built the ancient ziggurats or temple towers of ancient Mesopotamia.  The oldest of these constructions were sun-dried brick towers had stepped terraces with a temple at its summit. Archeologists have discovered that large trees had been planted on the upper terraces of the towers.<ref>[http://ktdesignsuccess.com/tag/roof-gardens/ The history of roof top design]</ref>.
 
Between ca 200 to ca 500 BCE there were built the ancient ziggurats or temple towers of ancient Mesopotamia.  The oldest of these constructions were sun-dried brick towers had stepped terraces with a temple at its summit. Archeologists have discovered that large trees had been planted on the upper terraces of the towers.<ref>[http://ktdesignsuccess.com/tag/roof-gardens/ The history of roof top design]</ref>.
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[[File:Hanging Gardens of Babylon.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Hanging gardens of Babylon]]
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[[File:Hanging Gardens of Babylon.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Hanging gardens of Babylon]]
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King Nebuchadnezzar II who ruled between 605 and 562 BC built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_gardens_of_babylon Hanging Gardens of Babylon] Wikipedia</ref> The gardens were built for his wife, Amytis of Media, who longed for the plants of her homeland. Acoording to estimates the gardens would have required at least 37,000 liters of water per day.
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King Nebuchadnezzar II who ruled between 605 and 562 BC built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_gardens_of_babylon Hanging Gardens of Babylon] Wikipedia</ref> The gardens were built for his wife, Amytis of Media, who longed for the plants of her homeland. According to estimates the gardens would have required at least 37,000 liters of water per day.
  
 
Roof gardens must have been an essential part of Roman life in Pompeii. One such roof garden was found in the Villa of Mysteries.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_of_the_Mysteries Villa of the Mysteries] Wikipedia </ref>
 
Roof gardens must have been an essential part of Roman life in Pompeii. One such roof garden was found in the Villa of Mysteries.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_of_the_Mysteries Villa of the Mysteries] Wikipedia </ref>
  
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The Palazzo Piccolomini<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Piccolomini#Palazzo_Piccolomini Pienza, section Palazzo Piccolomini] Wikipedia</ref> was the private summer residence of Pope Pius II. The city of Pienza where the palazzo is located was one of the first examples of Renaissance town planning. Atop Pius II's palazzo was a magnificent roof garden filled with sculpted trees.
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The Palazzo Piccolomini<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Piccolomini#Palazzo_Piccolomini Pienza, section Palazzo Piccolomini] Wikipedia</ref> was the private summer residence of Pope Pius II. The city of Pienza where the palazzo is located was one of the first examples of Renaissance town planning. Atop Pius II's palazzo was a magnificent roof garden filled with sculpted trees.<ref name="heathershimmin">[http://www.heathershimmin.com/a-brief-history-of-roof-gardens A brief history of roof gardens]</ref>
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[[File:Norskfolkemuseum 1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Sod roofs on log buildings of Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo.]]
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"A sod roof or turf roof is a traditional Scandinavian type of green roof covered with sod on top of several layers of birch bark on gently sloping wooden roof boards. Until the late 19th century, it was the most common roof on rural log houses in large parts of Scandinavia."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sod_roofs Sod roofs] Wikipedia</ref> Sod roofs added an additional layer of insulation and protection to the house.
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From:
 
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http://www.heathershimmin.com/a-brief-history-of-roof-gardens<br>
 
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  Atop this palazzo, a magnificent roof garden filled with sculpted trees and manicured parterres overlooked the Val D’Oria, a manufactured agrarian landscape designed to be both functional and beautiful. The carefully planned and executed Val D’Oria was the perfect backdrop to the exotic roof garden, a seamless transition for the eye from the landscape above street level to the valley below, as if looking down from a mountaintop. This is the first known example of the then new concept of “landscape” being something controlled and manipulated by man.  
 
  
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  It was commissioned in c. 1463 by Pope Pius II.  This is one of the first examples of concept of “landscape” as something manmade.  
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In the late 1800s rooftop gardens began appearing in New York City. The first major roof garden was built on top of the Casino Theatre at Broadway in 1882. Other theatres followed, for example Madison Square Garden and Winter Gardens.<ref name="heathershimmin"/>
  
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Norwegian Sod Roofs    Not all roof gardens were designed to impress.  Sod roofs, roofs topped with soil and planted with grasses and other plants to stabilize the earth on the roof, were part of the Norwegian vernacular.  Sod roofs provided insulation, mitigated damage to the roof from the rain, prevented the roof from rotting, and the root system bound and strengthened the roof structure.  A layer of birch bark was laid down as a sealing membrane, followed by a layer of twigs for drainage, then covered in sod. A similar sod roof technique was brought to the United States and Canada by Norwegian immigrants. Norwegian sod roof  A sod roof in Milton, North Dakota, built by Ole Myrvik, a Norwegian Immigrant, c. 1896.  Sod roofs were common in Norway because they added an additional layer of insulation and protection to the house.  Norwegian immigrants brought the technique with them to the US and Canada. Casino Theatre,  New York City    Gardens on rooftops started popping up in New York City in the 1890s.  Investors believed roof gardens would overshadow all other forms of summer entertainment and would become a necessity part of life for New Yorkers.  The first roof garden in New York City was built on the Casino Theatre at 39th and Broadway in 1882.  This project was conceived by conductor and musician Rudolph Aronson, who was enchanted by the Parisian summer theatre gardens he had experienced during his visit to Europe the previous summer.  The price of land in New York was too expensive to duplicate the European garden stage model on the ground, so Aronson incorporated the idea of a stage surrounded by plants and trees on the roof.  By adding the roof garden, the Casino Theatre could extend its productions all through the summer months in the heart of New York’s theatre district.  At this time, theatres in New York would only run during the winter months. Summer theatres would open in the suburbs and less populated areas in the state.  The Casino Theatre quickly became the most successful theatre in New York, spurring other theatres to add gardens to their roofs.  The most well known examples are Madison Square Gardens and WInter Gardens, both of which get their names from their roof gardens. casino theatre new york The Casino Theatre, New York City, as seen on a postcard stamped March 1909.  The Casino Theatre was the first theatre to install a roof garden in New York City, extenting its shows through the summer months.  Wright, Le Corbusier, & Modern Architecture    Architecture changed dramatically in the early 20th century.  Modernists such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier broke free from the bonds of historical architecture, introducing a completely new form of design that had no reference to the past. Le Corburiser’s Cinq Points de l’Architecture Moderne became the new model for architectural design and theory. The 5th Point, the roof garden or terrace, was a flat roof intended to be an outdoor living room, a place to exercise and to enjoy the fresh air, rather than a literal garden with plants and trees.  Le Corbusier considered the roof to be an “exterior room, a place to be within and to look without.”  Modern architecture’s flat roof provides the perfect platform on which to build a vegetated roof. In the 1930s, Le Corbusier was brought on as a consultant on two projects in Brazil – the Ministry of Education building in Rio de Janeiro (1938) and the Brazilian Press Association building (1940) – where landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx designed the roof gardens.    MORE ON ROOF GARDENS           
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In modern architecture, throughout the 1920s Le Corbusier developed the 'Five Points of Architecture,' which became the new model for architectural design. The fifth point was the roof garden to compensate for the green area consumed by the building and replacing it on the roof.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusier#Five_points_of_architecture Le Corbusier, section Five Points of Architecture] Wikipedia</ref>
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== Gallery ==
 
== Gallery ==
 
<gallery caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
 
<gallery caption="" widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="5">
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File:Rockefeller 2007.jpg|The roof garden of the Rockefeller Center in Manhattan.
 
File:Rockefeller 2007.jpg|The roof garden of the Rockefeller Center in Manhattan.
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File:DirkvdM casa grande roof terrace.jpg|The roof terrace of the Casa Grande hotel in Santiago de Cuba.
 
File:DirkvdM casa grande roof terrace.jpg|The roof terrace of the Casa Grande hotel in Santiago de Cuba.
 
File:Kensington roof gardens1.jpg|Kensington roof gardens
 
File:Kensington roof gardens1.jpg|Kensington roof gardens
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File:20080708 Chicago City Hall Green Roof.JPG|Green roof of City Hall in Chicago, Illinois.
 
 
File:CalifAcadSciRoof 0820.JPG|Modern green roofs on California houses.
 
File:CalifAcadSciRoof 0820.JPG|Modern green roofs on California houses.
 
File:Green City.jpg|An intensive roof garden in Manhattan.
 
File:Green City.jpg|An intensive roof garden in Manhattan.
 
File:Authentic Viking recreation.jpg|Re-creation of Viking houses in Newfoundland.
 
File:Authentic Viking recreation.jpg|Re-creation of Viking houses in Newfoundland.
 
File:Church at Hof.jpg|Sod roof Church at Hof, Iceland.
 
File:Church at Hof.jpg|Sod roof Church at Hof, Iceland.
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File:Norskfolkemuseum 1.jpg|Sod roofs on log buildings of Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo.</gallery>
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</gallery>
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/05/green-roofs/cook-photography National Geographic Green Roofs] Photo gallery
 
* [http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/05/green-roofs/cook-photography National Geographic Green Roofs] Photo gallery
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_garden Roof garden] Wikipedia
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof_garden Roof garden] Wikipedia
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=== Videos ===
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New York is a city notoriously short on space, but also one whose residents<br clear="all" />
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are big on innovation. In the Big Apple, the latest trend is rooftop farming.<br clear="all" />
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<div style="float:left; padding 30px;">{{#widget:youtube|id=t5leLebL8Kw}}</div><br clear="all" />
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<div style="float:left; padding 30px;">{{#widget:youtube|id=hI9IM3L1ZR4}}</div>
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<br clear="all" />
  
 
==Comments==
 
==Comments==

Latest revision as of 08:36, 11 March 2016

Higher topic: Gardening
Underlying topic(s):


Green roofs on apartments blocks in Amsterdam
Topic in Gardening courses. By John Eagles.

Rooftop farming is the practice of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings while a roof garden is any garden on the roof of a building. One particular type of a roof garden is the green roof or living roof, a roof of a building covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. An older form of the green roof is the sod roof, which traditionally was applied on houses in Scandinavia. Sod roofs are composed of several layers of birch bark covered with sods.

Green roof

Green roof of City Hall in Chicago, Illinois.

Green roofs are also called living roofs. They are roofs of buildings partially or completely covered with vegetation in a growing medium. The roof is protected by a waterproof membrane. Sometimes drainage and irrigation systems are integrated.

Green roofs absorb rainwater, provide insulation, create a habitat for wildlife and help to lower air temperatures in cities.

Intensive roofs are thicker and heavier and support a wider variety of plants. Extensive roofs are covered with a light layer of vegetation.[1]

One type of green roof is the sod roof.

Sod roof

Sod roofs on farmhouses in Gudbrandsdal, Norway.

A sod roof is also called turf roof. It was used to cover roofs of rural log houses in Scandinavia. Sods are placed on a layer of birch bark. The main purpose of the sod is to hold the birch bark in place and to give additional insulation. The layer of birch bark ensures that the roof is waterproof.[2]

History

Between ca 200 to ca 500 BCE there were built the ancient ziggurats or temple towers of ancient Mesopotamia. The oldest of these constructions were sun-dried brick towers had stepped terraces with a temple at its summit. Archeologists have discovered that large trees had been planted on the upper terraces of the towers.[3].

Hanging gardens of Babylon

King Nebuchadnezzar II who ruled between 605 and 562 BC built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.[4] The gardens were built for his wife, Amytis of Media, who longed for the plants of her homeland. According to estimates the gardens would have required at least 37,000 liters of water per day.

Roof gardens must have been an essential part of Roman life in Pompeii. One such roof garden was found in the Villa of Mysteries.[5]

The Palazzo Piccolomini[6] was the private summer residence of Pope Pius II. The city of Pienza where the palazzo is located was one of the first examples of Renaissance town planning. Atop Pius II's palazzo was a magnificent roof garden filled with sculpted trees.[7]

Sod roofs on log buildings of Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo.

"A sod roof or turf roof is a traditional Scandinavian type of green roof covered with sod on top of several layers of birch bark on gently sloping wooden roof boards. Until the late 19th century, it was the most common roof on rural log houses in large parts of Scandinavia."[8] Sod roofs added an additional layer of insulation and protection to the house.

In the late 1800s rooftop gardens began appearing in New York City. The first major roof garden was built on top of the Casino Theatre at Broadway in 1882. Other theatres followed, for example Madison Square Garden and Winter Gardens.[7]

In modern architecture, throughout the 1920s Le Corbusier developed the 'Five Points of Architecture,' which became the new model for architectural design. The fifth point was the roof garden to compensate for the green area consumed by the building and replacing it on the roof.[9]

Gallery

  • The roof garden of the Rockefeller Center in Manhattan.

  • The roof terrace of the Casa Grande hotel in Santiago de Cuba.

  • Kensington roof gardens

  • Modern green roofs on California houses.

  • An intensive roof garden in Manhattan.

  • Re-creation of Viking houses in Newfoundland.

  • Sod roof Church at Hof, Iceland.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Green roof Wikipedia
  2. ↑ Sod roofs Wikipedia
  3. ↑ The history of roof top design
  4. ↑ Hanging Gardens of Babylon Wikipedia
  5. ↑ Villa of the Mysteries Wikipedia
  6. ↑ Pienza, section Palazzo Piccolomini Wikipedia
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 A brief history of roof gardens
  8. ↑ Sod roofs Wikipedia
  9. ↑ Le Corbusier, section Five Points of Architecture Wikipedia

External links

Videos

New York is a city notoriously short on space, but also one whose residents
are big on innovation. In the Big Apple, the latest trend is rooftop farming.




Comments

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